Commune 2.0?

By Alexandra Applegate

In stressful times, people are once again abandoning the status quo in search of a different way of life.

Society can be overwhelming. Crude political fights, pandemic discord, culture wars, inflation blame games — and that’s just on social media.

Outside the digital world, the pandemic upended so much. Unprecedented wildfires scorched California even as it wrestles with chronic droughts, while hurricanes and tornadoes are increasingly blowing through lives in various parts of the country. It is hardly surprising that one in six Americans said in 2021 that climate change is a serious threat they’re “alarmed” about. And yet we do little more than argue about it.

Beyond that, there’s the nation’s deadly drug epidemic and soaring economic inequality that has more people questioning capitalism itself. The nation’s social reckoning on race seems to have been interrupted by renewed fight over abortion, and both of those battles have Americans questioning the nation’s core institutions, like the White House, Congress and the Supreme Court. No wonder trust in the federal government is at an all-time low with just 2% of Americans saying they believe the government will always do the right thing.

Maybe that’s why, over the last few years, a growing number of people seem to be bailing out of mainstream society in search of better communities. Many outsiders might call them modern-day “communes,” even if most members avoid that term because of its generations-old baggage. But there is no doubt that many people join such groups in search of a more connected, collective and sustainable life in a simpler world they can believe in.

“In times of crisis, we tend to want to build community, and crises bind us more as communities,” said Cynthia Tina, co-director of the Foundation for Intentional Community, a nonprofit that works to support and connect the thousands of modern-day communes in existence today.

While it’s hard to track a movement, Tina said the foundation has noticed a significant increase in overall interest in intentional communities over the last few years.

“Intentional community” is an umbrella term for today’s communes, cohousing, ecovillages and all types of groups purposefully living together.

The foundation’s global directory, which allows groups to list their community for people to find, typically adds about 50 new communities each year. But in 2021, amid the pandemic and shrill national divisions, the directory grew more than three times that much.

Plus, there’s the interest in the directory. Tina said that the foundation’s website traffic has doubled since 2019 due to people’s greater curiosity about alternative ways of living. “They are filling a gap,” Tina said. “People are not getting support somehow from the surrounding society, so they are choosing intentional communities to try and find it.”

Some might call it commune 2.0. The hippies that grew out their hair and moved from trouble-plagued cities to the promise of utopias in the 1960s have been replaced by a new generation of hipsters, idealists and environmentalists.

Some of these next-generation freethinkers may be, to quote alternative lifestyle hippy guru Timothy Leary, “turning on, tuning in and dropping out,” but with modern twists.

Members of the Los Angeles Eco-Village in Koreatown and the Emerald Village Observatory in San Diego County are just two of the thousands of intentional communities searching for more. But rather than fruitlessly looking for paradise and failing, these groups of mavericks are finding remedies for some of our most overwhelming problems.

America in the 1960s felt like a revolution. The Civil Rights Movement was marching for desegregation and equal treatment. Young people and organized groups across the country protested the U.S. war in Vietnam, and increasingly came to distrust many political leaders and, in some cases, authority itself.

The widespread societal upheaval of the 60s and 70s, which echoes much of the political, cultural and social discord — many of which feel relevant today — drew many Americans to the promise of utopias, for better or for worse.

Fed up with the status quo, many came to believe they could break away from society, and create a better one. Thousands of people fled their daily lives in search of a simpler and more equitable existence on communes that popped up across the country.

It was a rejection of the culture. —Timothy Miller

Newsweek named 1969 as the “Year of the Commune,” and during those years, idealists created at least 3,500 communes that sought to find a better society; some experts put the number as high as 5,000.

Timothy Miller, religious studies professor at the University of Kansas and commune expert, says that the people who were at the forefront of the back-to-the-land communes were “cultural revolutionaries.”

“It was a rejection of the culture, a notion that, ‘We’re going to found a new way of living,’” Miller said. “‘We’re going to drop out of existing society and ideally, come up with something better.’”

But the communes and the hippies that often filled them didn’t develop the best reputations for planning and organizing. The majority of communes failed within the first two years, according to Christ Coates in his book series “Utopia Britannica.” For some, membership simply dwindled until they dissolved. Others couldn’t achieve financial security, lost their leaders or never found any sort of stable footing. (In some of the more extreme cases, groups morphed into fervent cults that in some high-profile cases devolved into abuse and self-destruction.)

While many communes of that era have been caricatured as villages of bickering nonconformist hippies practicing “free love” as they got high and their barefoot children ran around unsupervised, they were (usually) much more.

“Besides what people tend to think in the popular culture of sex, drugs and rock and roll, they were practicing all sorts of sustainablility lifestyles,” said Thomas Kersen, associate professor of sociology at Jackson State University and communal living expert. “And then they create the standards by which now many of the places across the nation are using.”

Just as many communities in the 60s and 70s were involved in anti-war and anti-capitalist movements, many were also part of a growing crusade to address environmental degradation. Many communes used windmills, early solar panels, eco-friendly building materials and organic farming in their daily lives — a radical idea to most people at that time.

And while many intentional communities across the world continue to experiment with new ways of life, they generally avoid the utopian fantasies of some of their predecessors. Instead, they’re putting in the work to make a better life into reality.

Lois Arkin, in a knitted yellow hat and bright pink lipstick, instructs a tour group at the L.A. Eco-Villageto stand in a circle in the middle of the neighborhood’s street. Holding hands, the confused group creates a human wall as a semi truck rumbles down Bimini Street in Koreatown. (L.A. Eco-Village is one of the few urban ecovillages in the country.) The trunk honks but, despite Arkin’s petite figure, she stands her ground and the tour group dubiously follows her lead.

“A systematic reduction in how many cars can be on L.A. streets would make a humongous difference and transform the city,” Arkin said.

Behind a graffitied building on busy Vermont Avenue in Koreatown, the ecovillage is unruly, with jungly foliage spill over the gate in front of the apartment buildings.

Many of the 40 ecovillage families find refuge in their two blocks of gardens and green space — rare in one of the densest neighborhoods in the country. Behind the two white buildings owned by the ecovillage, residents recycle, compost, garden, tend to their bicycles and raise chickens.

1 / 9
A white building with plants around it.
The Los Angeles Eco-Village members live in two apartment buildings on Bimini Street in Koreatown.
2 / 9
A tiny home behind a fence.
The Los Angeles Eco-Village recently purchased a third commercial property that they hope to make into an educational space. Currently, a tiny home, lots of plants and random building materials are stored here.
3 / 9
A plot of land and soil.
Once an auto shop, ecovillagers are working with researchers from the University of California, Riverside to remediate a brownfield on the property to eventually make a quarter-acre urban farm.
4 / 9
A woman opens a gate to a garden.
Lois Arkin, founder of the Los Angeles Eco-Village, opens the learning garden across the street from the ecovillage buildings. Students from the eight schools within walking distance visit the garden.
5 / 9
The front of the ecovillage.
Around 40 ecovillagers live on the property and pay around $600 per month for 400 square foot units.
6 / 9
A woman opens a cage to tend to chickens.
Lois Arkin checks on the chickens living in the ecovillage's shared backyard.
7 / 9
A covered patio with lawn furniture.
The ecovillagers also enjoy a shared back patio with places to connect such as a makeshift gym, woodworking shed and art studio.
8 / 9
A woman sitting in her ecovillage home.
Lara Morrison, who has lived in the ecovillage for more than 20 years, says more people should consider communal living. "People could be a lot healthier and happier if we had things organized more along the lines of what we're doing."
9 / 9
A karoke mic on a bicycle.
Ecovillagers set up their signature karoke bike to encourage local community members to utilize alternative forms of transportation.

Arkin, the village’s founder, dreams of a car-free neighborhood. Around half of the ecovillage residents don’t own a car but, for Arkin, this isn’t enough.

While many historic communes abandoned city life for nature, Arkin established her ecovillage in the center of one of the nation’s largest cities in 1993. She wanted to be an example.

“We needed to demonstrate something that was not happening in L.A.,” Arkin said. “To try to influence people toward more cooperative, ecological and sustainable living patterns.”

Over the years, they’ve faced a number of problems — from fighting off the Los Angeles Unified School District’s attempt to build a new school in their neighborhood to training villagers in conflict resolution to solve intrapersonal issues.

But they’ve also had some wins; Ecovillagers helped shape some of the bike culture in L.A. by bringing a slow streets event, CicLAvia, to the city and by starting the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition, a nonprofit planning organization.

Explore the Los Angeles Eco-Village

The ecovillage tries to show that living together can benefit everyone. But first, the villagers had to fight for their place in the city. Apparently, not everyone wants to help if you’re trying to save the world. Hear the ecovillage's story.

“We’ve made progress but there’s still so much to do,” Arkin said.

Ideally, she’d close off a portion of their street and make it into a car-free public plaza.

The ecovillage, she says, does not have zero waste. Despite their lofty dreams, reality can sometimes thwart their intentions.

Recently, the village discovered their entire network of natural gas pipes needed to be replaced. The community looked at converting to electric energy but realized their heat would need to be turned off for 18 months. With around 40 families living there, leadership knew they couldn’t make that change, even if it would be better for the environment.

But through their bimonthly tours — attended by potential residents, activists and academics — frequent workshops and involvement in city policy, Arkin wants to influence others by showing it’s possible to live differently. They aim to be imitated.

“We’re this demonstration site where you can come and see how people are living with a higher quality of life at a lower environmental impact,” Arkin said. “And that may be true individually and even collectively, but we are still a long way from being fully manifested as an ecovillage.”

A woman sits in a backyard with her baby.

Jessica Ruvalcaba, an ecovillager, sits in their shared backyard with her daughter, Adelina.

Jessica Ruvalcaba, who has lived at LAEV for six years, chose to start her family there. She appreciates the village’s priority of not just being more sustainable, but also changing culture. She raises her three children overlooking the ecovillage’s backyard, where her sons have planted trees and picked vegetables from the garden.

“We have everything we need,” Ruvalcaba said. “I want to be that example for my kids. And they can inherit those values of taking care of our planet, animals and each other.”

A few months ago, Ruvalcaba threw a zero-waste birthday party for her six-year-old son at the ecovillage. No plastic plates or cups. No wrapping paper on the presents. Cloth napkins and her son sewed bags for his guests to decorate himself. To Ruvalcaba, these are the small ways she can teach her children it is possible to live with a smaller ecological impact.

“For me, it’s about trying to have that paradigm shift so they can lead the way,” Ruvalcaba said. “Hopefully there will be a future for them to lead it into.”

Hours from the congested freeways of Los Angeles, you might miss the entrance to Emerald Village Observatory (EVO) in north San Diego County amongst the grassy hills and trees. You turn into a dirt road and are greeted by blooming gardens, chickens, tiny homes and lots of open green space.

The community started as an experiment for five couples who wanted to raise their children together. More than a decade later, EVO and its members from every creed are an example of how a community can withstand the changing seasons.

Every Sunday, sunlight and the smell of fresh coffee filter through a wood gazebo as EVO members emerge from their homes to gather at a family-style table. Some are barefoot and others come with their own food to share, even though they take turns cooking for each other.

Despite their differences in spiritual beliefs, class, culture and political opinions, EVO members choose to connect with and support each other every day. They say they want to challenge each other, grow together and deepen their relationships as a “wild way to live.”

“The Emerald Village is a microcosm of the world,” said Bianca Heyming, one of EVO’s founders. “We have different races, we have different religions, backgrounds. But everyone deserves to be loved, respected and appreciated.”

Take a trip to the Emerald Village!

America, as a whole, has become increasingly polarized over the decades. A 2021 Pew Research Center report noted that Americans were most likely to say their society was split along partisan, racial, ethnic and religious lines.

And while Congress can’t agree on policies to respond to challenges Americans face, intentional communities are demonstrating its possible for different people to grow and challenge each other. In fact, a 2017 study by psychologists found that North Americans living in intentional communities experienced less discord in their lives than mainstream society.

After a decade of living on their land together, two of the founding couples decided to leave and create another community in the Pacific Northwest. For Nick Heyming, one of the remaining founders, it was important — but challenging — to have a nice “break up.” They had to explain to their children why their aunts and uncles were leaving and ensure they could still work together. The remaining founders didn’t want to burn those bridges.

We've made it thriving. But it's not comfortable. —Nick Heyming

“When you’re living in a community, you have to be more emotionally mature than that,” Heyming said. “Each time, there was an opportunity to be like ‘they don’t love us’ or ‘we’re not good enough.’ And if we had done that, we would have missed out on so much. We might have poisoned the well we’re all drinking from.”

Nick Heyming said he’s realized through this communal experiment that America doesn’t have to be polarized. We don’t have to refuse to engage or hate those we don’t agree with. Most people live in isolated apartments or homes without ever truly knowing the people who live steps from our front doors, weary of the work it may take to bridge those divides. So we disengage, never questioning what we’re missing.

“We have created for ourselves, as humans, these little boxes so that we can go our whole lives without relating to other people in a real way,” Nick Heyming said. “A lot of people sell their freedom, their autonomy and their sovereignty for comfort, very cheaply and early.”

But living in a community can allow you the space and freedom to think outside of what society deems normal. It can encourage people's creativity to test new, lighter ways of living on Earth or different ways of making decisions in a group. And it also shows us a path toward reconciliation and consensus. But it may take some work.

“We recognize the intrinsic value of different points of view and different approaches to life,” Nick Heyming said. “It can be really uncomfortable. But we’re not here to be comfortable. We’ve made it lovely. We’ve made it beautiful. We’ve made it thriving. But it’s not comfortable.”

Click X to close